{"id":819,"date":"2013-09-19T17:46:06","date_gmt":"2013-09-19T15:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hammamalandalus.com\/blog\/?p=819"},"modified":"2024-07-25T11:14:04","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T09:14:04","slug":"la-medicina-en-al-andalus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hammamalandalus.com\/blog\/la-medicina-en-al-andalus\/","title":{"rendered":"La medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Continuamos repasando los valores y la herencia que el pueblo andalus\u00ed dej\u00f3 en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica. Hoy hacemos un \u00a0breve recorrido por el papel de la medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus. El pueblo andalus\u00ed destac\u00f3 en el desarrollo de la medicina, la farmacolog\u00eda y la cirug\u00eda.\u00a0Al igual que en otros \u00e1mbitos cient\u00edficos. Hasta entonces la cirug\u00eda hab\u00eda estado menospreciada como conocimiento cient\u00edfico.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"La<\/p>\n

El origen de la medicina \u00e1rabe se remonta al Imperio de Bizancio. Cuando los cristianos nestorianos \u00a0fueron expulsados de estos dominios y se establecieron en Persia. All\u00ed, fundaron una escuela de medicina. En la ciudad de Gondsihapur.\u00a0 De esta manera se convirtieron\u00a0 en el nexo de conocimiento medicinal. Entre la cultura griega y la oriental. Especialmente gracias a la traducci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n cl\u00e1sica griega. Primero al lat\u00edn y despu\u00e9s al \u00e1rabe.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, no se limitaron al estudio de las obras cl\u00e1sicas. Sino que fueron muy prol\u00edficos en literatura m\u00e9dica propia. Con la producci\u00f3n de compendios m\u00e9dicos. Que trataban los temas m\u00e1s diversos. Desde oftalmolog\u00eda, hasta obstetricia. O cirug\u00eda e incluso parasitolog\u00eda. Se convirtieron en los primeros en convertir la medicina m\u00e1s tradicional. Que ten\u00eda m\u00e1s de arte que de ciencia, en medicina cient\u00edfica y cl\u00ednica.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa estructura de los hospitales en el Al \u00c1ndalus califal\u201d<\/p>\n

El ejercicio m\u00e9dico se encontraba estratificado en una serie de rangos. Seg\u00fan la experiencia. Tarea que desempe\u00f1aba el personal de los primeros hospitales. Que depend\u00edan del califa. El grado m\u00e1s alto era el del hakim<\/em>, maestro o sabio. Que contaba con formaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica. Se corresponder\u00eda a los actuales m\u00e9dicos. Por debajo de \u00e9ste,\u00a0se encontraba el tabib <\/em>o rab\u00e1m. Q<\/em>ue ser\u00eda un aprendiz de m\u00e9dico. Semejante a los actuales m\u00e9dicos interinos. Por debajo de estos estar\u00edan los mutatabid<\/em>, practicantes. Sin formaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica, que podr\u00edamos comparar a los actuales enfermeros y auxiliares. Finalmente, fuera de la escala cl\u00ednica estaba el <\/span>mudawi<\/em> o curandero. Que ejerc\u00eda la medicina del Profeta (tradicional) en las \u00e1reas rurales y entre las clases pobres.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEl aprendizaje de la medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus\u201d<\/p>\n

En cuanto al aprendizaje de la medicina, hab\u00eda tres sistemas de ense\u00f1anza: ense\u00f1anza personal privada, la escuela p\u00fablica y la escuela privada.<\/p>\n

La ense\u00f1anza personal privada consist\u00eda en una relaci\u00f3n diaria de profesor y alumno, en la que \u00e9stos incluso pod\u00edan llegar a compartir vivienda. Los conocimientos que el futuro m\u00e9dico recib\u00eda de su maestro era te\u00f3rica y pr\u00e1ctica, cuando el maestro consideraba que el alumno pod\u00eda trabajar de manera independiente se le otorgaba una licencia, llamada iyaza ,<\/em>que lo cualificaban para ejercer y ense\u00f1ar la medicina.<\/span><\/p>\n

La ense\u00f1anza que part\u00eda de las escuelas, mucho m\u00e1s programada y cuadriculada, se desarroll\u00f3 en las principales ciudades de Al \u00c1ndalus de la \u00e9poca. Fue tal su desarrollo que dio lugar a las primeras madrasas <\/em>o centros de estudios superiores.<\/p>\n

Con la llegada de las madrasas<\/em>, y una grave negligencia que cost\u00f3 la vida a un importante miembro de la realeza califal, apareci\u00f3 la exigencia de realizar una prueba o examen, que podr\u00edamos semejar a los actuales ex\u00e1menes MIR (M\u00e9dicos Internos Residentes). De hecho \u00a0en algunos casos, para constatar la preparaci\u00f3n y habilidad del m\u00e9dico, \u00a0se requer\u00eda un testimonio de personas que hubiesen sido pacientes del aspirante. Todav\u00eda hoy se conserva \u00a0una iyaza<\/em>\u00a0expedida en el Albayz\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Estas pinceladas de la historia de la medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus reflejan escuetamente una herencia prolija y singular, que sentaron las bases de la medicina actual. Si os interesa esta \u00e1rea de nuestro legado y quer\u00e9is profundizar en el gran desarrollo de la medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus os recomendamos un blog (Espa\u00f1a y su Historia<\/span><\/a>) muy interesante, especializado en la divulgaci\u00f3n de la historia en Al Andalus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Continuamos repasando los valores y la herencia que el pueblo andalus\u00ed dej\u00f3 en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica. Hoy hacemos un \u00a0breve recorrido por el papel de la medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus. El pueblo andalus\u00ed destac\u00f3 en el desarrollo de la medicina, la farmacolog\u00eda y la cirug\u00eda.\u00a0Al igual que en otros \u00e1mbitos cient\u00edficos. Hasta entonces la cirug\u00eda … <\/p>\n

Continuar leyendo \u00abLa medicina en Al \u00c1ndalus\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":6779,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"\nLa 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